XmlSerializer 测试

测试源代码如下，使用 VS2013 编写。

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
using System.IO;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var f = new XmlSerializer(typeof(TestClass), new[] { typeof(DerivedClass1), typeof(ChildNS.DerivedClass1) });
            var ns = new XmlSerializerNamespaces();
            ns.Add("ns", "http://yourcompany.org/schemas/ns");
            ns.Add("nsc", "http://yourcompany.org/schemas/ns/child");
            ns.Add("xsi", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance");
            using (var sw = new StringWriter())
            {
                f.Serialize(sw, new TestClass(), ns);
                Console.WriteLine(sw.ToString());
            }
        }
    }

    public class TestClass
    {
        public BaseClass BaseTest = new BaseClass();

        public BaseClass BaseTest1 = new DerivedClass1();

        [XmlElement(Namespace = "http://yourcompany.org/schemas/ns/child")]
        public BaseClass BaseTest2 = new ChildNS.DerivedClass1();

        public BaseClass[] BaseArray1 = {new BaseClass(), new DerivedClass1()};

        [XmlArrayItem(typeof(BaseClass), IsNullable = true),
         XmlArrayItem(typeof(DerivedClass1), IsNullable = true),
         XmlArrayItem(typeof(DerivedClass2), IsNullable = true)]
        public BaseClass[] BaseArray2 =
         {
             new BaseClass(), new DerivedClass1(),
             null, new DerivedClass2()
         };

        [XmlArrayItem(typeof(BaseClass), IsNullable = true)]
        public BaseClass[] BaseArray3 =
        {
            new BaseClass(),
            new DerivedClass1(), null, new DerivedClass2()
        };

        [XmlArrayItem(typeof(BaseClass))]
        public List<BaseClass> BaseList = new List<BaseClass> { new BaseClass(), new DerivedClass1() };

        [XmlElement(IsNullable = true)]
        public object NullObject1 = null;

        public object NullObject2 = null;

        //public IEnumerable BaseListEnumerable = new List<BaseClass> { new BaseClass(), new DerivedClass1() };
    }

    public class BaseClass
    {
        [XmlAttribute("value1", Namespace = "http://yourcompany.org/schemas/ns")]
        public int Value1;

        [XmlAttribute("value2")]
        public int Value2;

        [XmlAttribute("value3", Namespace = "http://yourcompany.org/schemas/ns")]
        public int Value3;
    }

    public class DerivedClass1 : BaseClass
    {
        [XmlAttribute("value4", Namespace = "http://yourcompany.org/schemas/ns")]
        public int Value4;
    }

    public class DerivedClass2 : BaseClass
    {
        [XmlAttribute("value4", Namespace = "http://yourcompany.org/schemas/ns")]
        public int Value4;
    }

    namespace ChildNS
    {
        //为类型强制指定 XML 名称，以及命名空间，以避免命名冲突。
        [XmlType("ChildDerivedClass", Namespace = "http://yourcompany.org/schemas/ns/child")]
        public class DerivedClass1 : BaseClass
        {
            public int Value5;
        }
    }
}

运行结果如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>
<TestClass xmlns:ns="http://yourcompany.org/schemas/ns" xmlns:nsc="http://yourcompany.org/schemas/ns/child" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <BaseTest ns:value1="0" value2="0" ns:value3="0" />
  <BaseTest1 xsi:type="DerivedClass1" ns:value1="0" value2="0" ns:value3="0" ns:value4="0" />
  <nsc:BaseTest2 xsi:type="nsc:ChildDerivedClass" ns:value1="0" value2="0" ns:value3="0">
    <nsc:Value5>0</nsc:Value5>
  </nsc:BaseTest2>
  <BaseArray1>
    <BaseClass ns:value1="0" value2="0" ns:value3="0" />
    <BaseClass xsi:type="DerivedClass1" ns:value1="0" value2="0" ns:value3="0" ns:value4="0" />
  </BaseArray1>
  <BaseArray2>
    <BaseClass ns:value1="0" value2="0" ns:value3="0" />
    <DerivedClass1 ns:value1="0" value2="0" ns:value3="0" ns:value4="0" />
    <DerivedClass2 ns:value1="0" value2="0" ns:value3="0" ns:value4="0" />
  </BaseArray2>
  <BaseArray3>
    <BaseClass ns:value1="0" value2="0" ns:value3="0" />
    <BaseClass xsi:type="DerivedClass1" ns:value1="0" value2="0" ns:value3="0" ns:value4="0" />
    <BaseClass xsi:nil="true" />
    <BaseClass xsi:type="DerivedClass2" ns:value1="0" value2="0" ns:value3="0" ns:value4="0" />
  </BaseArray3>
  <BaseList>
    <BaseClass ns:value1="0" value2="0" ns:value3="0" />
    <BaseClass xsi:type="DerivedClass1" ns:value1="0" value2="0" ns:value3="0" ns:value4="0" />
  </BaseList>
  <NullObject1 xsi:nil="true" />
</TestClass>

可以看出，

1. 在 `XmlArrayItem(Attribute)`、`XmlElement` 等相关特性中指定 IsNullable = true 可以使得当前为 null / Nothing 的元素在序列化时产生一个包含 xsi:nil=”true” 特性的 XML 元素。
2. 在特性中指定元素的命名空间时，应当指定命名空间的 URI，尽管可以稍后在 `XmlSerializerNamespaces` 中为这些 URI 指定对应的命名空间前缀。
3. 需要序列化派生类时，总是 需要通过 XmlInclude 特性，或者通过 `XmlSerializer` 的构造函数显式声明序列化过程中可能用到的派生类。
4.  数组的序列化：可以通过 `XmlArrayItem` 特性声明数组中可能包含的派生类类型。这些类型在序列化时会使用与之对应的元素名。如果存在未在 `XmlArrayItem` 中声明的派生类，而其基类在 `XmlArrayItem` 中声明过，则会使用基类对应的元素名，外加 `xsi:type` 特性声明实际派生类的类型。（关于这一点，可以参阅另一篇文章：MSDN中“（使用 XmlArrayItemAttribute 限定）序列化派生类”一节中的示例可能与实际有出入）
5. 我该滚去修改以前的代码了。